![]() ![]() Except for damaging personal privacy, videos generated by these apps are increasingly applied to interfere in political campaigns and public opinion. In June 2019, there is even a smart undressing app named Deepnude, resulting in a huge panic around the world. Soon after, FakeApp, FaceSwap and other deepfake-based applications appeared continuously. The first deepfake content was a celebrity pornographic video created by a Reddit user named deepfakes in 2017, which means that it is unavoidable for deepfake technology to be used for malicious uses since created. As shown in Figure 1, a huge number of fake videos have been distributed on the Internet, most of which target at politicians and celebrities. While deepfake technology could be used for positive purposes, such as film-making and virtual reality, it is still heavily applied for malicious uses. With this technology, face-manipulated videos are exceedingly simple to generate on condition that one can access large amounts of data. Deepfake algorithm can replace faces in the target video with faces in the source video using autoencoders or generative adversarial networks. The problem of face-manipulated videos has received widespread attention in the past two years, especially after the advent of deepfake technology that manipulates images and videos with deep learning tools. ![]() It has been revealed that current detection methods are still insufficient to be applied in real scenes, and further research should pay more attention to the generalization and robustness. This review aims to demonstrate the current research status of deepfake video detection, especially, generation process, several detection methods and existing benchmarks. To prevent it from threatening human society, a series of research have been launched, including developing detection methods and building large-scale benchmarks. Although the deepfake algorithm itself has no attributes of good or evil, this technology has been widely used for negative purposes. These videos are often used to damage the reputation of celebrities and guide public opinion, greatly threatening social stability. So far, there have been a large amount of deepfake videos circulating on the Internet, most of which target at celebrities or politicians. Deepfake technology can be used to perform face manipulation with high realism. Recently, deepfake videos, generated by deep learning algorithms, have attracted widespread attention. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution.IET Electrical Systems in Transportation.IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications.IET Collaborative Intelligent Manufacturing.CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology. ![]()
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